Not really. Where I’m from(Eastern Europe) as long as you’re of legal age and have a valid ID, you can vote, you don’t need to register anywhere. Now, for local (mayor, city council, etc) and parliamentary elections you can vote only in the district to which you belong, as per the home address you have in your ID. For presidential an European parliamentary elections, you can vote ANYWHERE. So no one registers anywhere.
There is a check via an ID scanner before going into the voting booth that ensures you’ve only voted once. No one know who I voted for either. The only downside to this is that if you haven’t updated your ID when changing address, you would have to go to the district on your ID to vote. This somehow makes sense since for parliamentary elections, for example, you have different candidates for different districts.