I know what you meant but finance capital including loans is a form of imperialism. It’s exporting capital and/or industry to other countries forcibly so as to exploit the working peoples there and undermine national sovereignty. It isn’t just when wars happen. Wars often happen because said country said no to the exploitation.

Your mom or yourself are not monopoly capitalists, that’s the difference between common lending and imperialism. It’s defined by the characteristics of who is giving the loans and the nature of the relationship they share as is evident in the terms of the loan.

In the case of nations and their monopolies, if the loan conditions are predatory or seek to undermine the sovereignty of the less developed nation, then that form of lending is indeed expansion of monopoly capital.

There is also a difference between monopoly capital and a socialist state’s industry having a monopoly in that nation. The determining scale is global not national when qualifying a company as monopoly or not when referencing the global market as we are here. As well, the socialist control over said company is a major hint to the terms found in the loan.

China’s terms are fair, appear to maintain national sovereignty of the lendee, and actually aid in it’s development thus strengthening it’s sovereignty.

I know, Mouse ruins everything lol